The function of the Sinaitic Covenant : an exegetical analysis of Exodus 19: 3-6

Abstract

This study sought to determine the function of the Sinaitic covenant [SC] (Exod 19:3-6) within the Exodus context and even in the entire OT theology. Furthermore, the study sought to elucidate the covenant’s theological implications to Israel and to God’s people today. Another task of the study was to clarify the relationship of the SC to other biblical covenants and also to the Ancient Near Eastern treaties. This, in turn, clarifies God’s intention to Israel; how the Sinaitic covenant benefits them, and further verifies whether it still benefits Christians today. Unlike some schools of thought that treated the Sinaitic covenant as if it was a “new dispensation” of salvation by works; this study has established that the Sinaitic covenant was actually the renewal of the same covenant of grace that God had already established with Adam, Noah and Abraham. God established the Sinaitic covenant based on grace and faith alone. Within it are echoes of missiological and redemptive significance. That is to say, the Sinaitic covenant functions for missiological and redemptive purposes. Israel was delivered from Egyptian bondage not only for the sake of their salvation, but also for the salvation of other nations. The stipulations spelt out in Exodus 20 serve the purpose of guarding the covenantal relationship between God and His people, rather than as means of salvation by works. Again, the study reveals that the Ancient Near Eastern treaties had stipulations just like the Sinaitic covenant, and also other divine covenants had stipulations, including the Abrahamic covenant. Accordingly, Israel’s continuous enjoyment of the covenantal benefits was dependent on their obedience. Furthermore, these Sinaitic stipulations still stand and are important for Christians today. Likewise, the covenant was established to serve three purposes; (a) as a reminder of gracious deliverance, (b) protection against the false worship which brings consequences, and (c) clarifying Israel’s missiological mandate.